We took a small break from Fact or Fiction Friday, but we’re back and better than ever! Today’s trivia question is as follows: There are 2,400 languages classified as being ‘endangered’. Fact? or Fiction?

There are 2,400 languages classified as being ‘endangered’. Is this Fact? or Fiction?

Sadly, this one is a fact.

A language is considered “extinct” when the last person who learned it as his or her primary tongue dies. In 2009, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched an online atlas of endangered languages, labeling more than 2,400 at risk of extinction.

Trouble spots where languages are considered most endangered include Siberia, northern Australia, the North American Pacific Northwest, and parts of the Andes and Amazon, according to the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, a nonprofit partnering with National Geographic to record and promote disappearing tongues.

Language extinction has been a phenomenon for at least 10,000 years, since the dawn of agriculture.

For a list of the languages that are considered endangered head over to UNESCO’s website: http://www.unesco.org

Information found on http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/15/AR2009031501857.html

Source:
Kari Lydersen
Washington Post Staff Writer
Monday, March 16, 2009

Today marks our very first “Fact or Fiction Friday”.  Each Friday we will post a trivia question pertaining to language, interpreting, or translation. Today’s trivia question is: In Japan, four (shi) and nine (ku) are considered unlucky numbers. Fact or Fiction? 

In Japan, four (shi) and nine (ku) are considered unlucky numbers.

Fact or Fiction? 

In Japan, four (shi) and nine (ku) are considered unlucky numbers because the words sound the same as those for ‘death’ and ‘pain or worry’. Because of this, some hospitals don’t have room numbers 4, 9, 14, 19 or 42. Forty-two (‘shi-ni’) means ‘to die’, 420 (‘shi-ni-rei’) means ‘a dead spirit’ and 24 (‘ni-shi’) is double death.

Can you guess where Mabel is this week?

Mabel is in Istanbul at the Topkapı Palace.

Sultan Mehmed II built the Topkapı Palace after he conquered Constantinople in 1453. The palace is impressive not only for its size, but also its importance in history, especially for the Ottoman Empire between the years 1478-1856. It was the official center and home to the sultan for 380 years.

Topkapı consists of tree- shaded courtyards, each serving a different purpose and opening onto one another with monumental gates. Functional buildings surround the courtyards. From the time of its construction, the palace developed constantly with alterations and additions made by each sultan. 
When the sultans moved to the ostentatious Dolmabahçe Palace in 1853, Topkapı lost its importance as the official royal residence and was left to deteriorate. It finally regained its former unpretentious beauty after fifty years of continuous restoration in the Republican era. Most of the objects exhibited in the palace today are unique masterpieces.

Topkapı is the largest and oldest palace in the world to survive to our day. In 1924 it was turned into a museum at Atatiirk’s request. Situated on the acropolis, the site of the first settlement in Istanbul, it commands an impressive view of the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara. The palace is a complex surrounded by 5 km of walls and occupies an area of 700,000 sq. m at the tip of the historical peninsula. When it was used as a palace, it served more functions than one usually associates with royal residences. Although it was the residence of the Sultan, the sole ruler of the empire, it was at the same time the center of the administrative affairs, the place where the council of ministers met, and the treasury, mint, and state archives were located there. The highest educational institution of the empire, the university of the sultan and the state was also here. Therefore it was the heart, the brain, and the very center of the Ottoman Empire. Much later, the harem (private quarters) of the sultans was moved here too.

Of the sixteen empires founded by the Turks, the Ottoman Empire was the longest lasting and the largest. It lasted for 622 years ruling over the Asian, European and African lands surrounding the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Peoples of different races and religions were united under its rule. The only other empire in history that governed such vast lands for such a long period was the Roman Empire. 
Thirty-six sultans reigned during this period, and starting from early 16th century, they also became the religious leaders of the Islamic world as caliphs.

Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, is the only city in the world that straddles two continents: Asia and Europe. While not the capital, Istanbul is Turkey’s largest city with a population of about 13 million.

Turkish is the official language of Istanbul, Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The large Kurdish minority also speaks Kurdish. English is also widely spoken in Istanbul, which often surprises its visitors.

Common Turkish phrases:

If you are looking to communicate with clients in Turkish, give INGCO International a call! We would love to assist you.

_{original image found on google.com}

She is at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships in London.

The Wimbledon Championships, or simply Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely considered the most prestigious. It is also the only court in the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments (majors) that still uses the game’s original surface, grass (as opposed to plexicusion).

The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, this year the tournament begins on June 23 (today) and will have matches until the 6th of July. It is culminated with the Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Singles Final, scheduled for the second Saturday and Sunday respectively. Each year five major, junior, and invitational events are held. 

London is made up of two ancient cities, which are now joined together. The first is the City of London; known as ‘The City’ the second is the City of Westminster. These two joined cities make London the largest in Britain and Europe occupying over 620 square miles.

Buckingham Palace, located in London, has served as the official London residence of Britain’s sovereigns since 1837 and today is the administrative headquarters of the Monarch. Buckingham Palace houses offices of those who support the day-to-day activities of The Queen, Elizabeth II, and The Duke of Edinburgh and their immediate family.

The Queen II has become the second-longest reigning monarch in 1,000 years of British history. She has now overtaken George the III, who reigned for 59 years, 96 days and 13 extra leap-year days. Queen Elizabeth II, the eldest daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II was born in 1926 and became Queen at the age of 25. Now age 88, the Queen has reigned through more than 5 decades of enormous social change and development.

Britain’s main language is English (British English) although Queen Elizabeth II speaks fluent French and often uses the language for Audiences and State Visits. Her Majesty does not require an interpreter.

Below are some differences between American English and British English word choices:

If you are looking for interpreting, translation, or global marketing services give INGCO International a call!

Original Image found at http://shop.wimbledon.com

The 20 Most Translated Texts in History

The content in this article is compiled from data and does not reflect INGCO International’s 
opinions or views.

Are you looking for a book written in your target language? We have found and listed 20 of the most translated texts throughout history. These pieces range from comics to religious texts; appealing to a wide variety of audiences. Of course we are happy to help you translate your book or document into 200+ languages — let us know how we can help.

Using the UNESCO Index Translation Database, which categories novels, plays, magazines and other literary forms by the quantity of languages they have been translated into, we present to you (from 20-1) the most translated texts in the world. 

20) Pippi Longstocking

Pippi Longstocking tells the story of a young orphaned girl with crazy red pigtails. With no parents to tell her what to do, superhuman strength, a horse that lives on her porch, and a pet monkey named Mr. Nilsson, Pippi seems to always find an outrageous adventure to go on.

Written by the Swedish author Astrid Lindgren, first published in 1945, this book series has been translated into 64 languages. 

19) The Harry Potter Series

This series of seven fantasy novels chronicles the adventures of a young wizard, Harry Potter, along with his close friends Hermione Granger and Ronald Weasley. These stories follow the young wizard’s journey to overcome the dark lord, Voldemort, who aims to conquer the wizarding world, vanquish non-magical persons, and destroy those who stand in his way.

British Author J.K. Rowling wrote the first Harry Potter novel on June 30, 1997. Since the release of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (now titled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone) this popular book series has sold millions of copies throughout the world and has been translated into 67 languages.

18) The Alchemist

The Alchemist follows the journey of an Andalusian shepherd boy named Santiago. Santiago has a recurring dream about finding a worldly treasure.  Believing this dream to be prophetic Santiago begins his journey from his home in Spain to Egypt. Along the way he meets a lone alchemist who teaches him the secrets of alchemy. The story teaches about the essential wisdom of listening to our hearts, learning to read the omens strewn along life’s path, and above all, following our dreams.

Originally written in Portuguese in 1988 by Brazilian author Paulo Coelho, this book has been translated into 67 languages. 

17) Book of Mormon

This religious text was first published in the United States in 1830 and is used by followers of the Latter Day Saint movement, better known as Mormons. This text is believed by Mormons to contain scripters written by prophets who lived in America before and after the birth of Jesus Christ.

Since being published this religious text has been translated into 82 languages.

16) Awake!

Awake! is a monthly magazine published by Jehovah’s Witnesses in the United States. Its articles discuss culture, health, family, biblical themes, and more. 

Since the first issue, published in 1919, it has a circulation of over 40 million copies and has currently been translated into 84 languages.

15) The Imitation of Christ

Originally written in Latin by German Thomas à Kempis, this spiritual handbook is commonly used by followers of the Christian religion. Kempis lived in a monastery and dedicated much of his time to the production of this manuscript, which was initially published in the early 15^th century.

The Imitation of Christ has been translated into 95 different languages. 

14) The Adventures of Tintin

The Adventures of Tintin is a series of comic albums revolving around Tintin, a young Belgian Reporter and his heroic adventures. This series spans a wide variety of genres with elements of fantasy, mystery, political thrillers, and science fiction. 

Since its first publication in 1929 by Belgian writer Georges Rem, who wrote under the pen name Hergé, The Adventures of Tintin has been translated into 96 languages. 

13) Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, commonly known as Alice in Wonderland, tells of a young girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole, literally, while chasing after a white rabbit in a waistcoat. Alice ends up in a fantasy world called ‘Wonderland’ which is populated by peculiar creatures such as the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. This tale plays with logic giving it popularity with both adults and children alike.

Written in 1862 by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, this novel has been translated into 97 languages thus far.

12) New World Transcription of the Holy Scriptures

The New World Transcription of the Holy Scriptures is another text on this list written by Jehovah’s Witnesses. It contains translations of texts that were initially written in ancient Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic.

The first complete version of this text was published in English in 1961 and has since been translated into 112 languages.

11) The Quran

The main religious text of Islam, the Quran, is believed by Muslims to be the word of God as related to the Prophet Muhammad through the Archangel Gabriel.

It was written in ancient Arabic and has been translated into 112 languages.

10) The Adventures of Asterix

The Adventures of Asterix is a comic series that follows Asterix, along with his friend Obelix, on adventures to save their village of Gual from the Romans. To do this they utilize a magic potion, brewed by their druid Getafix using his magic golden sickle, giving the recipients superhuman strength, which leaves Asterix and Obelix the only ones able to save Gual (often times taking them on travels across the world).

The comic has traditionally analyzed French and European society in an ironic fashion and was first published in 1959. Created by writer Rene Goscinny and illustrator Albert Uderzo this comic series has been translated into 112 languages. 

9) Steps to Christ 

This evangelistic book written by Ellen G. White, the founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, contains advice and reflections on how to better know Jesus Christ.  It covers the topics of repentance, confession, faith, acceptance, growing into Christ, and prayer.

First published in 1892 this book has been translated into more than 140 languages.

8) Andersen’s Fairy Tales

Andersen’s Fairy Tales contains a complete collection of fairy tales written by the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen. This collection contains many cherished tales such as “The Little Mermaid”, which tells the tale of a young mermaid who sacrifices everything for love and “The Princess and the Pea”, which tells the tale of a young woman whose royal identity is established by a test of her physical sensitivity. Other stories include famous tales such as “The Ugly Duckling”, “The Emperor’s New Clothes”, and “Snow Queen”.

This collection of Andersen’s works from 1835-1852 has been translated into 153 different languages. 

7) Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea tells the story of Captain Nemo and his submarine Nautilus, as seen from the perspective of Professor Pierre Aronnax. He (Professor Aronnax) along with his servant Conseil and a Canadian harpoonist Ned Land, embark on a journey to track down a giant sea monster but instead end up discovering the Nautilus, an extraordinary submarine built by the mysterious Captain Nemo. Together Nemo and Aronnax explore the marvels under the sea. 

This science fiction book written by author French Jules Verne was first published in 1870 and has since been translated into 174 languages.

6) The Little Prince

This poetic tale, accompanied by watercolor illustrations by the author, is a whimsical tale in which the narrator, a pilot, becomes stranded in the Sahara desert.  While worrying about his dilemma he is approached by a very serious little boy with blonde hair. “Please,” asks the boy, “draw me a sheep.” Throughout their time stranded in the desert the pilot and the Little Prince illustrate a clever and captivating tale of the importance of life.

This children’s book has sold more than 50 million copies worldwide and is one of the 50 best-selling books ever published. Written and illustrated by Antoine de Saint-Exupery, a French writer, this book has been translated into more than 180 languages since publication in 1943. 

5) The Watchtower

Another document written by Jehovah’s Witnesses that makes it’s way into our list is the magazine The Watchtower. This magazine, first published in 1879, attempts to connect contemporary themes with Biblical prophecies.

This magazine has a circulation of approximately 42 million copies a month and has been translated into 195 languages.

4) The Pilgrim’s Progress

The Pilgrim’s Progress contains 108,260 words and is divided into two parts, each an unbroken narrative with no chapter divisions. Do you think you can handle it? This work of Christian literature is one of the most famous classics to be printed. It is an allegorical novel depicting Christian’s journey through life to reach heaven. It is filled with vivid and complete human portraits of each of its characters.

Part I was written by John Bunyan in 1679 while he was imprisoned for conducting unsanctioned religious services. This section of The Pilgrim’s Progress predominately revolves around Christian, a devout Christian, and his pilgrimage to Celestial City.

6 years later, in 1684, Bunyan published a sequel (also titled The Pilgrim’s Progress) depicting instead of a male’s pilgrimage, a female’s.  Part II follows Christiana, Christian’s wife, and their children’s journey to Celestial City.  

The Pilgrim’s Progress has been translated into 200 languages. 

We’ve reached the top three translated books of all time!

3) What Does The Bible Really Teach?

This small book written from a Jehovah’s Witness group in 2005 is a Bible study tool designed to aid its audience in learning about biblical teachings. It addresses religious issues such as: Who is Jesus Christ? and What is the kingdom of God?

Since publication this book has been translated into 244 languages. 

2) The Adventures of Pinocchio

The story of Pinocchio takes place in a small Italian village where a woodcarver, by the name of Gepetto, carves a puppet out of wood and calls him by the name Pinocchio. Pinocchio dreams of one day loosing his strings and becoming a real boy. Disobedient, prone to telling lies and getting into mischief, Pinocchio finds it difficult to be good. With a nose that grows when he tells lies, this puppet cannot become human until he changes his ways.

Written by Italian Carlo Collodi in 1883, this children’s book has been translated into 260 languages. 

1) The Bible

The Bible is a collection of ancient religious texts and is considered to be the word of God in both Christianity and Judaism.

The Bible is the most read and sold book in the history of the world, with an estimated sale amount of 100 million copies annually it’s not surprising that this text received the number 1 spot on this list. It has been translated into 469 languages!

Information and data compiled from:
Oropeza, Eric. “Top 20 Most Translated Books in History.” http://www.ehow.co.uk. eHow UK, 2013. Web. 05 June 2014.

Database: Index Translationum
Index Translationum – World Bibliography of Translation.” Index Translationum – World Bibliography of Translation. N.p., 2013. Web. 05 June 2014.

Database: Amazon
Amazon Books. Amazon, n.d. Web. 05 June 2014. <www.amazon.com>.

Database: Spark Notes.
SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n.d. Web. 05 June 2014. <www.sparknotes.com>.

Images obtained from Google Images
Google. Google, n.d. Web. 05 June 2014. <www.google.com/imghp>.